International Journal of Orofacial Research

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Tooth agenesis is not a rare phenomenon. Most often, the tooth that shows agenesis is the maxillary lateral incisor or the third molars. Agenesis of maxillary central incisor is an extremely rare phenomenon. A case of congenital absence of maxillary central incisor in a 42-year-old, otherwise healthy individual is being presented. When one encounters a case, it is important that it is differentiated from the other serious form of the disease which is solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome.

Orthodontist and his personnel are at risk of being exposed to a wide range of patients with blood-borne diseases such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and airborne diseases such as tuberculosis and influenza. Infection can be directly transmitted by blood, oral fluids, contaminated instruments and surfaces, or through the respiratory system. Control of infection that spreads through various instruments and armamentarium, which are used in the field of orthodontics and dentistry in general, is an important measure to prevent cross infections which can be achieved by following universal precautions, including the imperative steps of disinfection and sterilization. The objective of sterilization is to remove microorganisms or destroy them from areas or from materials since they cause contamination, infection, and decay. Specific issues in orthodontic office that need to be addressed include increased hand washing, use of barrier techniques, puncture-proof containers for disposal of sharps, and heat sterilization of handpieces and orthodontic instruments. This is of utmost importance to keep patient-to-patient and dentist-to-patient infection transmission at a minimum. In the following article, authors have attempted to provide certain practical guidelines to be followed in practice for optimal infection control.

Gingival melanin pigmentation is a common finding, especially in non-Caucasians population. This often results in unaesthetic appearance concerning many patients especially those with gummy smile or excessive gingival display. Gingival depigmentation procedure can be performed in such patients with for esthetic reasons. The currently available treatment options for the correction of gingival depigmentation include conventional periodontal plastic procedure with scalpel, cryosurgery, laser treatments, and radiosurgery. Out of this diode laser remains a simple, effective, and minimally invasive treatment option. The present case series makes an effort to assess the gingival depigmentation procedure using diode laser 980 nm.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of two roots of mandibular permanent canines on intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPARs). Methods: Two hundred and two IOPARs of patients in the age range 18–70 years were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of two roots in permanent mandibular canines. Statistical Analysis and Results: The data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel (Version 2007) for Windows. Three patients out of 202 exhibited two roots, indicating the prevalence to be 1.48%. The mean age of the patients depicting two roots was 37 years. All the patients were females. In all the three patients, the additional root was noted on the left side canines. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the prevalence of two-rooted mandibular permanent canine.

Online since 8^th Aug, 2016